Evolutionary, Behavior Psychology of Human

Human evolutionary psychology is the study of the processes of human development. The changes that have occurred during the life time of the man is studied based on two perspective 1) phylogenetic and 2) ontogenetic.

Phylogenetic Study: It involves the evolutionary history of various species during the humanization process.

Octogenetic Study: It studies the formation and development of adult behavior.

The adaptability of man is a cultural phenomenon because it is the product of learning. Human evolutionary psychology is a continuous, flexible and global human development where the psychological changes occur throughout the life. A human is born with limited behavior but has the power of adaptability and learning and because of which one differentiates every individual from other.

Several trends have contributed their findings to evolutionary human psychology, psychoanalysis and Piaget’s genetic psychology, socio-cultural model of Vygotsky, learning theories, the model of information processing in recent times and also the ecological model the ethological. Series of tasks involved in human development, characteristic of different stages. These tasks are largely imposed by society and culture, socialization processes, and integrate the individual.

Object of study of developmental psychology:

The main objectives are to describe the behavior of individuals, and how they evolve, to identify the causes and processes leading to these changes from one stage to another. Other authors relate these changes with life stage, circumstances and environment, and experiences of each individual.

The stage theory of Piaget:

Piaget proposed the study of human knowledge in an evolutionary and diachronic, of genetic epistemology, trying to explain the evolution of human knowledge, both as individual species. Studies the evolution of childhood intelligence and it proposes three stages: the sensorimotor period, the concrete operational and formal operations. Where newborn reflexes are related to sensory-motor intelligence. Specific operations are with the emergence of language and scientific thinking to formal operations.

However, there are intermediate stages linked to qualitative changes. The structure and mechanisms of change are rooted in biology: adaptation and self-regulation or balance. Adaptive exchange between the organism and the environment is similar to that between subject and object of knowledge, a psychological level. The mind seeks balance and the individual's actions arise when the imbalance appears, looking back on.

Assimilation and accommodation allow the subject to incorporate new objects to their cognitive structure and accommodation transforms its previous structure adapting to new knowledge.

Patterns of knowledge are changing continuously depending on the circumstances and roles to play. Applying these to the new object of knowledge given by the process of assimilation and accommodation. Human intelligence is the result of exchanges between the subject and the environment. However, heredity is important in development because there are factors of a structural nature associated with the formation and maturation of the nervous system.

Human Intelligence and Behavior Psychology

In this decade many technological innovations have emerged about human behavior and human intelligence. The intelligence has many definitions, all are correct in their own understandings.

Human Intelligence is defined as; "The intelligence comes down to your ability to know your own strengths and weaknesses and exploit the strengths while compensating for weaknesses." When we talk about intelligence, we're really talking about our ability to react intuitively, creatively and constructively to a wide number of experiences of human behavior.

The human intelligence is also defined as an ability to:
* Use a skill.
* Carve or build an artifact
* Solving a problem in a way that is valued by the particular culture of the subject that solves it.

Human intelligence cannot be described in a single way or a single category but it has various point for the consideration of human behavior. There are seven categories of intelligence based on human psychology which are:

Logical-mathematical: Is the ability to solve problems, perform math, fixing appliances, building equipment, out of crossroads, understand rules, schedule activities and solve puzzles. People who develop this intelligence have abilities to reason, for strings, think in terms of cause and effect, create hypotheses and seek numerical associations.

The space: It is one's relationship with things around him, observing an object from various angles, imagine colorful landscapes, parallel parking on the street, deftly handle a truck or trailer, flying an airplane, ice skating. People who use this intelligence find it easier to visualize forms in interaction, complex shapes can mentally rotate through several planes. They are very good observers and have a great sense of direction and orientation, are very sensitive to visual detail and can be expressed in drawings and graphs.

Kinesthetic body: Is the ability to use the body in different ways, both expressed as to perform specific tasks mime, sports, gymnastics, drama, dance. People with this type of developed intelligence  work very well with the hands, tend to be in constant motion and learn more effectively through practical examples and experience.

Rhythmic and musical: People who have developed the intelligence and musical rhythmic possess the ability to perceive, appreciate and produce rhythms and melodies, drumming fingers on objects and sounds by clapping rhythm tend to be consistent between what they do and what they say. Also developed very easily to play instruments without sheet music, they like to work with background music.

Verbal language: The ability to handle the words, language, writing, tell jokes, act in detail, to argue. People who have this intelligence well developed, they have power because they can explain things, are fluid and alive in discussion, have the ability to convince others of your point of view. People with this intelligence developed seem to enjoy their expectations spoken or written. The language intelligence may be innate, but nevertheless improves nutrition and practice. The classic example is Demosthenes, with his ability for oratory, after being a stutterer.

Interpersonal: This category of intelligence focuses on the relationships (Human Relationships) we have with others, easy to understand and the ability to cooperate with them. If this intelligence well developed, can "read" other people, build strong relationships and demonstrate empathy and have facility to interact in social media. People who have this intelligence show an active interest in analyzing how others think and feel in their environment. Very often they are good to solve personal problems. Of particular preference for working in teams rather than in isolation which is great to understand human psychology.

Intrapersonal: People who manage to ease this category of intelligence, they tend to introspection, self-evaluation, reflection, set goals, write what you do to plan and envision their future. This capacity developed to look within themselves, their own emotions to understand and discriminate between various types of feelings, and classify them in a very meaningful way, helping them to understand and guide their own behavior. The intrapersonal intelligence is controlled by levels of faith, hope and self-confidence and gives us the enthusiasm and energy to achieve what we want. All of these factors are influenced by humanistic psychology.

Factors of Human Relationships Psychology

At no time had become so widespread the issue of human relationships as is happening now, and this is in part to the widespread use of information which has now changed. Communication is one of the essential features of the human being and human behavior psychology this in itself a social being by nature. Paradoxically, each individual has a unique appearance of a microcosm to put it another way, "every head is a world" and each individual, to be surrounded by other more pressing need to engage with these sooner or later and in some way or another, that by itself already represents a challenge with some difficulty, in fact our interpersonal relationships are somewhat complex entry and now imagine what psychology of human relationships represents.

Other essential factor in our relations is the personality, as this is all transmitter what we communicate in our environment, and it is this, the one that achieves others perceive us as individuals, to define certain features of our very special person. By communicating we are sending our psyche to others at the same time they also convey his, which creates a process that involves the entire human being and his psychology; this is more a development that a range of constituents, it is then a succession of actions and reactions to our environment, with a partial fixation of lived experience and an unlimited view of possibilities. In any time we are sending and receiving messages, and these can be developed or unconsciously, made ​​in an entirely deliberate. So every human being is projected to communicate and so it is in the interaction of the factors that give rise Human Relationships.

Psychology of Human Relationships

Our existence is based on the relationship and the real relationship means to be united with the body, mind and spirit. Corruption starts when there is no real relationship because individuals are internally fragmented, think one thing, do another and also another different things. The current human psychology on relationships is decoupled, each one has been locked in his own ambition. People are images that look a thing but are another, and this crisis is not in the external world but in the individual conscience.

But this human psychology understanding on relationships can change.

We all seek safety counseling, depending on each other for comfort, for pleasure, to their need for companionship. We feel alone, isolated, need affection and esteem, but at the same time we also to dominate each other. If there is a joint project people can stay together but that is not related. Be related means not depend on one another, no one is able to escape from loneliness through the other, not trying to find satisfaction or through another company. In short do not use the other as an object for its own purposes.

A mind that is competitive, ambitious, which is always a comparison, imitation, can have a real relationship because when you are comparing feel envy, jealousy, ambition, desire to overtake the other, creating conflict. Engaging means no separation, domination or self-centered activity. Otherwise we find life empty and meaningless. To discover the meaning of life we ​​must also understand the meaning of death now, because life and death are like two sides of a coin. Today would die for us psychologically to ambition, and that's what will happen when we get physical death.

When you die you really should stop all without a single argument because there is no time to finish anything. It can discover and then live the now, putting an end to all accumulated knowledge, memories, experiences, offensive, comparisons, every day, so that the next day your mind is fresh and young. Such a mind can never be hurt, because no more your old images associated with events. Then there is no fear because every day is new, and the mind takes a timeless state, knowing what it means to die every day for everything that was accumulated during the day. Recently there flourishes the love, kindness, understanding what it is and true compassion. That is a relationship where you can share, because you can only share the truth, watch the world and compare and nonjudgmental.

Famous Psychologists and Their Contributions

Human psychology as an academic discipline is relatively a new field and has a brief history. Even then many scholars have left a mark and their influence is indisputable. This page is a tribute to those prominent and distinguished psychologists.

This is the last part of a three part series of the famous thinkers and researchers in the history of human psychology. It is presented in random order.


L. L. Thurstone.

Among the first to suggest and show an individuals intelligence in many ways.


Alfred Kinsey.

Kinsey’s focused in the field of human sexuality, its influence in social and cultural values across the globe.


Fritz Perls.

Founded Gestalt therapy and did extensive research on dreams.


Abraham Maslow.

Developed Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs which led to the emergence of humanistic psychology.


Noam Chomsky.

Founded the theory of generative grammar, which was a noteworthy part to the field of theoretical linguistics.


Rollo May.

He was an existential psychologist and has been regarded as "the father of existential psychotherapy."


Leon Festinger.

The social comparison theory and the theory of cognitive dissonance won Festinger many accolades.


William McDougall.

McDougall’s research studies focused on many aspects and came up with an inference that human behavior is determined by both instinctive and intentional strivings.


Gordon Allport.

Allport was renowned as he was probably the first to explain and coin the terms personality psychology and opportunistic functioning.


Alfred Adler.

Deviating away from Freud’s theories, Adler developed his perspective known as individual psychology. He was a prominent thinker who influenced many other researchers.


Albert Ellis.

An American who developed Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT).


Karen Horney.

A neo-Freudian who was famous for her theories of neurosis. She held a different perspective who saw it as ‘much more continuous with normal life’ than previous researchers. Countering Freud’s ‘penis envy’ theory, she came up with her ‘womb envy’ theory.


Milton Erickson

Deemed as the father of modern hypnotherapy.


Hans Eysenck.
A behaviorist who focused his research studies on human temperament.


Harry F. Harlow.

Provided an innovative understanding on affection and development through studies of social behavior of monkeys. His research contributions have major relevance for general and child psychology.

Concept of Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic psychology or human psychology has a holistic approach about human existence based on some concepts of meaning, values, freedom, tragedy, personal responsibility, human potential, spirituality, and self-actualization. It rose to prominence during 1960’s. Eastern philosophy and eastern psychology have common concerns human existence and their consciousness which plays a great role in human psychology.

Human Psychology is sometime understood with the context of human behavior and psychoanalysis. Humanistic psychology includes several approaches to counseling and therapy. One of the approach is centered on the capacity of person for self-direction and understanding of his/her own development. There are various other approaches are Gestalt therapy, holistic health, sensitivity training, humanistic psychotherapy, encounter groups, depth therapy, marital and family therapies. The main view of humanistic psychology about a person goes beyond the medical model which helps in knowing the other non pathologist view or approach of the person.

Humanist Psychology of Human

Humanist Psychology of Human


The humanist perspective begins to develop in 1960 with used being the third force in the movement after psychoanalysis and behaviorism. This movement of humanism was opposed the sociallist ideas that meaned man as a product the envoirment in which they live and the human psychology depends on it.
The ideas that mainly influence the humanist psychology are :

1) The importance which is given to an individual, personal freedom, free will, individual creativity and spontaneity.

2) The emphasis on the experience of waht he had faced.

3) The emphasis in all aspects of human nature.

The humanist (human psychology) movement was started by William James, the Gestalt theory, Adler, Jung, Horney, Ericsson and Allport.

Humanist movemnet arises from concepts of phenomenology, the precursor ofthe Gestalt theory, which was mainly represented by Husserl, Muller, Stumpf, and studying the phenomenon or immediate experience as it occurs regardless of the past.
Humanism is part of a broader phenomenological perspective. Behaviorism consideration is limited by reducing human beings to the status of a programmable machine.

To achieve self-realization, we must meet the requirements in the following hierarchy:

1) Physiological Needs
2) Need for security
3) The need for love and belonging
4) The need for appreciation
5) cognitive needs (related to the acquisition of knowledge)
6) aesthetic needs (sensitivity to the art)
7) Self-actualization (being all one is capable of becoming. Full realization of potential.